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The Oregon Maneuver was a large scale military training exercise held in Central Oregon in 1943. The exercise was designed to test United States Army units prior to deployment in support of Allied combat operations in World War II. The maneuver included approximately 100,000 men. The major units involved in the exercise were all part of the army’s IV Corps, commanded by Major General Alexander Patch. The exercise headquarters was located at Camp Abbot, south of Bend, Oregon. The maneuver included five specific training problems that engaged troops from a defensive ''Red Force'' and an offensive ''Blue Force''. Following the maneuver the three participating divisions, the 91st Infantry Division, the 96th Infantry Division, and the 104th Infantry Division were sent into combat in the European or the Pacific theatre. == Background == The Oregon Maneuver was the largest military field exercise ever conducted in the Pacific Northwest. It involved over 100,000 army troops, many of them from Camp Adair, Camp White, and combat engineers training center at Camp Abbot. Camp Abbot was used as the exercise headquarters because of its military infrastructure and location near Bend in central Oregon.〔Brogan, Phil F., ''East of the Cascades'' (Third Edition), Binford & Mort, Portland, Oregon, 1965, pp. 272-275.〕〔("Governor signs bill designating U.S. 97 as World War II Veterans Historic Highway" ), Press Release, Office of Governor Ted Kulongoski, Salem, Oregon, 15 July 2009.〕〔O’Reilly, Michael, "War Games", ''Camp Abbot'', Sunriver Nature Center, Sunriver, Oregon, 1989, pp. 8−9.〕 The maneuver extended across parts of seven eastern Oregon counties, a total of over . Almost all of Deschutes County was included in the maneuver area along with large parts of Crook, Harney, Klamath, and Lake counties. Small portions of Jefferson and Grant counties were also included in the maneuver area. The area included parts of four national forests, the Deschutes National Forest in the west, the Fremont National Forest in the southwest, the Ochoco National Forest in the north and the Malheur National Forest in the northeast plus vast tracts of land administered by the Bureau of Land Management throughout the maneuver area. The maneuver area was an irregular triangle shape, with Sisters in the northwest corner, Burns in the northeast corner, and Valley Falls in the south.〔〔("War Maneuvers Set for Oregon" ), ''Eugene Register-Guard'', Eugene, Oregon, 19 Jun 1943, p. 1.〕〔("Scene of War-Time Maneuvers by Northwest Forces This Year" ), ''The Bend Bulletin'', Bend, Oregon, 21 Jul 1943, p. 8.〕 The three divisions that made up the IV Corps were the 91st Infantry Division, the 96th Infantry Division, and the 104th Infantry Division. During the exercise the 96th Infantry Division became the core element of the Red Force. The Red Force was commanded by Major General James L. Bradley. The 91st Infantry Division and the 104th Infantry Division were combined to create the Blue Force. The Blue Force was commanded by Major General Gilbert R. Cook. The Red Force was given the defensive role in the exercise; while the much larger Blue Force conducted offensive operations.〔〔("Third Battle of Oregon at End" ), ''The Bend Bulletin'', Bend, Oregon, 30 Sep 1943, p. 1.〕 The maneuver plan called for the integration of infantry, armor, artillery, air forces, engineers, and support units in five specific training problems conducted in nine phases. The specific combat problems included an attack on a consolidated position; an attack and defense of a river line; and an assault and occupation of defensive positions. Army combat aircraft were assigned to support the maneuvering ground forces from airfield near Redmond, Madras, and Burns. To help simulate the hardships of real combat, each exercise phase was scheduled to run continuously for two to three days.〔〔("Lines Set Up for Maneuvers in 7 Counties" ), ''The Bend Bulletin'', Bend, Oregon, 11 September 1943, p. 1.〕〔Hannifin, Jerry, ("Central Oregon Mock Battle Nearest To Real Combat" ), ''Eugene Register-Guard'', Eugene, Oregon, 3 October 1943, p.1.〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Oregon Maneuver」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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